Studies that investigated test–retest reliability of the 1RM test and presented intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and/or coefficient of variation (CV) were included. Searches for studies were conducted through eight databases. The PRISMA guidelines were followed for this systematic review. The aim of this paper was to review studies that investigated the reliability of the 1RM test of muscular strength and summarize their findings. Given the inconsistent findings, it is unclear what the true reliability of the 1RM test is, and to what extent it is affected by measurement-related factors, such as exercise selection for the test, the number of familiarization trials and resistance training experience. The test–retest reliability of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) test varies across different studies.
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